Relative clauses add extra information to a sentence by defining a noun. They are usually divided into two types –defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses.
Defining relative clauses
Look at this sentence:
Defining relative clauses
Look at this sentence:
- The woman who lives next door works in a bank.
‘who lives next door’ is a defining relative clause. It tells us which woman we are talking about.
Look at some more examples:
Look at some more examples:
- Look out! There’s the dog that bit my brother.
- The film that we saw last week was awful.
- This is the skirt I bought in the sales.
Can you identify the defining relative clauses? They tell us which dog, which film and which skirt we are talking about.
Relative pronouns
Relative clauses are often introduced by a relative pronoun (usually who, which, that, but when, where and whoseare also possible)
With defining relative clauses we can use who or that to talk about people.
Relative pronouns
Relative clauses are often introduced by a relative pronoun (usually who, which, that, but when, where and whoseare also possible)
With defining relative clauses we can use who or that to talk about people.
- She’s the woman who cuts my hair.
- She’s the woman that cuts my hair.
And we can use that or which to talk about things.
- The dog that bit my brother.
- The dog which bit my brother.
It is also sometimes possible to omit the relative pronoun.
- This is the skirt that I bought in the sales.
- This is the skirt which I bought in the sales.
- This is the skirt I bought in the sales.
In this sentence ‘skirt’ is the object of the verb (buy). ‘I’ is the subject. When the relative pronoun is the object, it can be omitted.
- The film we saw last week was awful.
- BUT The dog bit my brother. This is not possible because the dog is the subject of the verb, ‘bite’.
Exercise 37. Relative Clauses
1. The last record which produced by this company became a gold record.
2. Checking accounts that require a minimum balance are very common now.
3. The professor whose you spoke yesterday is not here today.
4. John whose grades are the highest in the school, has received a scholarship.
5. Felipe bought a camera that has three lenses.
6. Frank are who were nominated for the office of treasurer.
7. The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in an accident.
8. Jane is the woman who is going to China next year.
9. Janet wants a typewriter whose self-corrects.
10. This book that I found last week, contains some useful information.
11. Mr. Bryant whose team has lost the game, looks very sad.
12. James wrote an article whose indicated that he diskiled the president.
13. The director of the program whose graduated from Havard University, is planning to retire next year.
14. This is the book that I Have been looking for all year.
15. William whose brother is a lawyer, want to become a judge.
EExercise 38. Relative Clause Reduction
1. George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
2. All of the money accepted has already been released.
3. The papers on the table belong to Patricia.
4. The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.
5. The girl drinking coffe, is Mary Allen.
6. John’s wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.
7. The man talking to the policeman, is my uncle.
8. The book on the top shelf, is the one that I need.
9. The number of students have been counted is quite high.
10. Leo Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.
1. The last record which produced by this company became a gold record.
2. Checking accounts that require a minimum balance are very common now.
3. The professor whose you spoke yesterday is not here today.
4. John whose grades are the highest in the school, has received a scholarship.
5. Felipe bought a camera that has three lenses.
6. Frank are who were nominated for the office of treasurer.
7. The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in an accident.
8. Jane is the woman who is going to China next year.
9. Janet wants a typewriter whose self-corrects.
10. This book that I found last week, contains some useful information.
11. Mr. Bryant whose team has lost the game, looks very sad.
12. James wrote an article whose indicated that he diskiled the president.
13. The director of the program whose graduated from Havard University, is planning to retire next year.
14. This is the book that I Have been looking for all year.
15. William whose brother is a lawyer, want to become a judge.
EExercise 38. Relative Clause Reduction
1. George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
2. All of the money accepted has already been released.
3. The papers on the table belong to Patricia.
4. The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.
5. The girl drinking coffe, is Mary Allen.
6. John’s wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.
7. The man talking to the policeman, is my uncle.
8. The book on the top shelf, is the one that I need.
9. The number of students have been counted is quite high.
10. Leo Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.
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